Gay dupla

The objective was to understand experiences of double motherhood during antenatal, childbirth and postpartum healthcare, using a qualitative method involving individual online interviews and asynchronous, online focus groups of cisgender women, mostly in same-sex relationships.

It was concluded that cisheteronormativity hinders healthcare for these experiences, especially by rendering the non-gestational mother invisible. This underscores the urgent need to train healthcare personnel, rethink and challenge cisgender and heterosexual norms and promote inclusive policies to ensure equitable care and combat institutional violence.

Non-traditional parenting faces numerous challenges in Brazil and internationally, oscillating constantly between gaining and losing rights. Another eight other bills relating to same-sex unions are under discussion 9. Inunder the ultra-conservative government of Giorgia Meloni in Italy, the names of non-biological mothers began to be removed from the birth certificates of children conceived by artificial insemination abroad, leaving only the names of biological mothers on the documents In Florida, the gay dupla banned schools from discussing topics relating to gender identity and sexual orientation Cisheteronormativity is understood here as a set of political and social norms that impose standards of cisgenderness and heterosexuality, thus creating barriers to accessing health 5.

Cisheteronormativity excludes those who do not conform with its standards of gender and sexuality and is thus at odds with the principles of universality and comprehensiveness key to the SUS This article discusses institutional violence in health services, as expressed by norms and procedures that support the status quo.

This institutionalised violence is characterised by neglect of individual needs, imposition of unfair restrictions and often disregard for, or prejudice to, individual rights and experiences This recognition results from legal proceedings by couples which guaranteed this right and set precedents for other couples gay dupla In Brazil, when one or both women in double motherhood have children from previous heterosexual relationships, legal recognition for the right of both to be included on the birth record is not automatic.

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This legal complexity poses an added barrier for same-sex couples and legal action is often requited to make double motherhood official. This challenge underlines the need for legal reforms and greater recognition of different forms of parenting, in line with contemporary realities.

In this regard, this study sought to understand experiences of double motherhood during antenatal, childbirth and postpartum health care. The research field of this qualitative study was online from the outset, as this facilitated access for the women participating.

Instagram is known to use hashtags to draw attention and the hashtag duplamaternidade was being widely used in Brazil by bisexual and lesbian women to share experiences of motherhood with another woman. Accordingly, mothers who used that hashtag were invited into the study.

Data were collected gay dupla from July to March from nine geographically and socio-demographically diverse women. The number of participants was determined by theoretical saturation, as described by Fontanella et al. This method halts inclusion of new participants when there is significant repetition of information and additional data does not provide substantially different insights, indicating theoretical saturation.

During the COVID pandemic, women were overwhelmed by remote schooling activities, making data asynchronous collection necessary. The choice of this method was influenced by the impossibility of carrying out the first interview synchronously due to connection problems gay dupla interruptions.

The asynchronous method proved effective and enabled participants to contribute at convenient times, in the absence of the mediator. In this way, data were obtained on two occasions: 1 individual open interviews, online and asynchronous; and 2 asynchronous online focus group.

Most interviewees responded hours or even days later, often apologising for the delay and mentioning time constraints due to the demands of parental and professional activities. To complement the interviews, an online focus group was held among the participants to explore topics not addressed individually.

The second stage of data collection, in Mayconsisted of a WhatsApp focus group, which was asynchronous, because lack of availability resulting from the demands of motherhood made synchronous meetings unworkable. Only six interviewees agreed to participate, although all were invited; three replied that they were unavailable.

These questions allowed for spontaneous sharing of information, including images, emoji reactions and messaging interactions.